Questions About Linux OS's, Distros, DE's and Customization

SuperWookie68

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So I've got a bunch of questions, all in the same realm, related to the How's and Why's of all the different OS's, Distros and DE's of Linux. I'm not a super computer literate person, but know enough to understand when someone explains in an easy to understand manner. I catch on quickly when people use layman's terms instead of inside computer lingo. I've done a LOT of research on Linux over the last few months and have learned a lot! Yet still don't understand quite a few things. But know enough to have a general idea of what it's all about and what I'm looking for.

I've messed around real quick a few times with trying Zorin, Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Mint and PoP OS on my Windows 10 PC using VMWare Virtual Workstation Player 16. But realized if I ever want to do this right, I need to pick an OS and then a DE and install it on my actual hardware, as they don't run all that great on the VM. PoP and Zorin did, but Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Mint Cinnamon did not. I know I want to get another SSD drive and install Linux on it, instead of doing a dual boot mode. Mostly going to migrate entirely over to Linux for everyday computing, only using Windows for a few games here and there.

And just a quick background: I don't do ANY power computing, just regular computer stuff. Checking email, banking, internet, games sometimes, music, photos, etc. No coding, no video editing, no podcasts, no terminal use, no servers, nothing like that. So for me, aesthetics, clean but beautiful desktops, a few useful widgets, how the windows look open and feel, interesting features (ex. such as PoP OS's amazing tiling), yet with the ability to customize is THE most important thing for me. And then of course stability and long term support.


So I'm looking to find a Distro or OS of Linux that is visually amazing, has lots of great modern high end features, is easy to customize either in the OS or with additional apps I can download, all while being stable and relatively or completely bug free or no glitches. As well as being very secure and free of spying corporate interests.

I read about how amazing KDE Plasma is if you want to "customize" literally everything about your DE. And that does appeal to me. But I read just as many people saying it doesn't come without issues. And those issues are that it can be very buggy or glitchy. And I don't want that.

I have read that Gnome is probably the best DE that looks amazing, can be customized to look amazing, but is stable and smooth. So that sounds appealing, but again, I have no idea.

So far, it seems like the following OS's or Distros that might the best for me are: Ubuntu, Pop OS, Zorin, Mint Cinnamon and maybe Debian. With Gnome, Cinnamon and Deepin as the best DE's for my purposes. But still, I don't know and that's why I'm here to ask questions.

One caveat about Deepin, is I know it's from China and a lot of people don't trust that. So I have read that you can just use whatever OS you want and put Deepin DE on top of that, and then you're Ok? Is that correct?



1. Do different Distros or OS’s app stores have exclusive apps? Or can you get most or all apps on any Distro or OS? If they are exclusive, which distro’s or OS’s have the best app stores? And I have no idea how Flatpak differs from a Package Manager? Or really what it does? It "seems" like a Flatpak is really good and you want one? If so, which Distro's or OS's come with Flatpak? And if they don't come with it, can you easily add it to most or any OS/Distro?

2. Is the fantastic tilling feature I’ve seen in PoP OS and Cosmic proprietary to Studio76? Or can you get the same tiling app or something almost identical for almost any distro or DE?

3. I see distros like PoP, Zorin, Mint Cinnamon, Kubunto, Deepin and Munjaro and that have a decent amount of customization features straight out of the box, but nothing too crazy or amazing. But what they do seem to have is a good amount of uniqueness to them compared to the other base distros/os's. So my question is, can you customize the crap out of them (Mint, Zorin, PoP, Deepin, etc) like you can do with Plasma or Gnome to look and feel EXACTLY how you want through downloading extra customization apps through an App Store or GitHub type sites? Or are they limited in what you can customize?

And I guess my main question for all Linux is, can you put ANY DE on top of ANY Distro/OS and customize it as much as you want and it run smoothly with no glitches? Or do some DE's not run all that great on top of certain Distros/OS's? If so, which OS's/Distros work best with certain DE's for doing lots of visual customization while retaining great stability with no glitches?

4a. I usually read that Plasma is THE most customizable DE, but can be or is glitchy. While Gnome isn’t quite as crazy fully customizable, but the tweaks you can and do look more polished, look better, more aesthetically pleasing/clean, run smoother and have way less problems compared to Plasma? Is that about right? Or not really? Is Gnome just as editable/customizable as Plasma? Is Zorin, PoP OS, Deepin or Mint just as customizable/editable as Plasma?

4b. If this is mostly correct, can you still then download any number of apps from the Package Manager/App Stores, DeviantArt, Github or places like that that WILL let you customize the heck out of Gnome, PoP, Zorin, Mint, Deepin? Make it look or perform functions exactly how you’d like? Or is it limited?

5. And finally, my last question deals with which OS's and DE's are the most stable? While also allowing a lot of visual customization?


For someone not super familiar with how Linux, it’s OS’s, it’s DE’s and themes work exactly, it’s very confusing and just trying to get a handle on how it all works so I don’t waste time downloading a version of Linux that doesn’t do what I want and isn’t stable and reliable as well. I haven't read this exactly, but I feel like I have read between the lines that you can basically run any OS or Distro you like and then customize it to look like ANYTHING you want. And if that is correct, then why in the heck are there so many versions of Linux? Shouldn't they just make one base OS, then just have one huge app store that allows everyone to do as much or little customizing, editing, adding of programs as they want? It's all SO confusing to someone looking in from the outside and trying to get into a Linux OS. So just looking for some beginner friendly help and explaining of how this all works. Thanks
 


Do different Distros or OS’s app stores have exclusive apps?
1] In general no, all the main distributions have a large repository in the main the same applications, what makes distributions different is the selection of app the developers bundle and the desktop they choose,what you need to do is first find a distro you line and runs well on your kit, and if you do not like the bundled DE then choose another.
2, dont know never managed to get POP to run properly on my kit I fit works out of the box on your kit, then great, if not you could spend days trying to fix it
3]
So my question is, can you customize the crap out of them
yes you can , but bear in mind, you may affect its stability developers choose and check apps they bundle so they know the apps should work
4]
, can you still then download any number of apps from the Package Manager/App Stores, DeviantArt, Github or places like that
to maintain the security of any Linux you should only download and install apps, first from the distribution repository,second if not in the repository then from a safe and approved source [ non free driver,Guilt hub etc] and never from a 3rd party link

5
which OS's and DE's are the most stable

take your pick, with over 500 distributions available, its a question of trying several to see how they work on your machine.
Most of the main distributions and more popular derivatives are all about the same.
just remember if you choose a distribution because it is considered more secure, or another as being more stable, once you start chopping and changing the DE and bundled apps, you will loose the benefit that made you choose it in the first place,

 
Simple Answer:

Linux Mint (Cinnamon)
 
Hello @SuperWookie68
Welcome to the Linux.org forum. You have already been given some good advise. It might seem over whelming but best way to learn Linux is to install a distro and use it. Mint is a good choice to start with.
This page may also be of help in choosing and leaning Linux
 
G'day @SuperWookie68 and welcome to linux.org :)

I'll trade you - knowledge for helping out the site.

You have given your age as 123 - that just skews the statistics we can draw from our database.

I suggest you visit your profile and either put in your real age, or just make it blank, doesn't matter.

Have a read of the link in my signature and you will see I use a whole lot of distros, and may be able to make some suggestions.

Think about it.

Cheers

Chris Turner
wizardfromoz

BTW oldest person in the world was 117 from Spain and she just passed away, leaving a bloke from Japan at 116 as the oldest now. Bit of trivia.
 
Welcome @SuperWookie68

Recently a good link was shared here on forums, I suggest you go tough a series of questions to find out what's best for you:
Distrochooser

As for desktop, GNOME and KDE are 2 major ones, which one you choose depends on which one you like more because they very different.

Those reports which you heard about KDE being buggy apply to mostly to latest KDE with Wayland sessions so there is no reason to avoid it because rarely who uses Wayland, a lot of people still use X11 (every desktop let's you switch between the 2)
 
G'day @SuperWookie68 and welcome to linux.org :)

I'll trade you - knowledge for helping out the site.

You have given your age as 123 - that just skews the statistics we can draw from our database.

I suggest you visit your profile and either put in your real age, or just make it blank, doesn't matter.

Have a read of the link in my signature and you will see I use a whole lot of distros, and may be able to make some suggestions.

Think about it.

Cheers

Chris Turner
wizardfromoz

BTW oldest person in the world was 117 from Spain and she just passed away, leaving a bloke from Japan at 116 as the oldest now. Bit of trivia.
I don't know how to change that know. I looked in my profile and it just shows it, but no buttons to "EDIT" it. If you can explain to me how to edit it, I can go ahead and change that for you ;)
 
explain to me how to edit it, I can go ahead and change that for you ;)
Click on your screen name [on the right of thr blue banner , now click on Account details, scroll down to date of birth, and either change it or make it blank
 
Welcome @SuperWookie68

Recently a good link was shared here on forums, I suggest you go tough a series of questions to find out what's best for you:
Distrochooser

As for desktop, GNOME and KDE are 2 major ones, which one you choose depends on which one you like more because they very different.

Those reports which you heard about KDE being buggy apply to mostly to latest KDE with Wayland sessions so there is no reason to avoid it because rarely who uses Wayland, a lot of people still use X11 (every desktop let's you switch between the 2)
Thanks for that, I've tried things like that before. And while somewhat helpful, they still really don't tell me anything about what I want to know.

Also, no idea what Wayland or X11 is. But it sounds like you're saying I wouldn't even use Wayland, so Plasma should work fine?

So you're the second actual Linux user on a forum now that has told me that Plasma is not buggy and actually very stable. I was reading comments on a few reddit and youtube pages about the differences between Gnome and Plasma DE's. So maybe it was just some kids that don't know what they speak of when they mentioned KDE Plasma not being as stable or bug free. In fact, the more I read about the two main DE's, the more I think Plasma sounds better. And I'm actually leaning towards starting out with Kubuntu. Ubuntu based, which means it's Debian based but with the HIGHLY customizable Plasma DE. Plus I've read some more stuff in the last 24hrs about programs or apps on Plasma that are much better then what comes with Gnome.

I also saw this great video today by a youtuber by the name of Chris Titus Tech Talk. And he discusses how in reality, there are only two OS's. Debian and Arch. Debian for the avg user, wants stability and ease of use. Arch is cutting edge, for power or expert users that know what they're doing. And that everything else, is just a derivative of one of those two. And that the best way to go about finding your perfect setup is to just pick Debian or Arch vanilla? Which sound like bare bone OS's, then add whatever DE, themes, WM's, etc you want on to that, and it will run much better and much smoother than packing different DE's on top of different Distros and all that crap. Causing possible problems with how programs run, look, etc. And way less bloated, as you won't have to disable or uninstall all the other stuff from the original distro when you put a new DE on top of it. So an example I saw a lot of today was people wanting to put Plasma on top of PoP OS, and things like that. And then having problems and asking for help. And Chris was saying, if you just install a base Debian OS for example, then you can add whatever you want and it will more then likely work much better. Because there's not all these different DE's, themes, WM's, etc competing with the base Distro and all of it's packages of apps. And that you should just "try out" different distros for a few days or weeks, find the programs, WM's, themes, etc that you DO like, and then just add them to the base Debian or Arch OS.

Not sure if this is a great idea or not. In theory it sounds totally like the correct way to go about this. But again, I don't know if Chris is an expert and truly knows what he's talking about or just trying to get likes/subscribers on youtube? Thought I'd mention it here and see what you guys think? See if you think that would be a great way to go about this? Here's the link:
 
Click on your screen name [on the right of thr blue banner , now click on Account details, scroll down to date of birth, and either change it or make it blank
Hmm, it won't let me change it. It just shows it. Like it's not editable. And there are no buttons anywhere near it to edit it either
dob.png
 
un-tick both boxes for now
 
Also, no idea what Wayland or X11 is. But it sounds like you're saying I wouldn't even use Wayland, so Plasma should work fine?
Definitely it would work, I myself use plasma KDE and according to logs there are very few errors that mean nothing, I experience no issues with KDE.

X11 and Wayland are display protocols, X11 is older and stable while Wayland is newer and buggy.
Not all software works well with Wayland but the trend is slowly changing.

On login screen for most desktops you have an option to choose either X11 or Wayland.

So you're the second actual Linux user on a forum now that has told me that Plasma is not buggy and actually very stable. I was reading comments on a few reddit and youtube pages about the differences between Gnome and Plasma DE's. So maybe it was just some kids that don't know what they speak of when they mentioned KDE Plasma not being as stable or bug free.
It is stable yes, but please don't follow comments found on youtube and reddit, these are the last holes on this planet I want to waste my time taking advices.

In fact, the more I read about the two main DE's, the more I think Plasma sounds better. And I'm actually leaning towards starting out with Kubuntu. Ubuntu based, which means it's Debian based but with the HIGHLY customizable Plasma DE. Plus I've read some more stuff in the last 24hrs about programs or apps on Plasma that are much better then what comes with Gnome.
Problem with GNOME is that you have to hack it with extensions to make it look and behave like you want, on KDE all the customizations you'll ever want are there is settings app.

Beside that GNOME workflow is so unfamiliar to other desktops or OS's. you have to embrace their way if you want to like it.

I also saw this great video today by a youtuber by the name of Chris Titus Tech Talk. And he discusses how in reality, there are only two OS's. Debian and Arch.
And that's true, I use Debian myself because it's the most stable distro out there, Arch is fine too but it requires a lot of manual work and configuration which I don't like.

I don't recall if I ever troubleshooted any distro type bugs or issues on Debian, things just work, Debian is like heavy armored thank, undestructible system.
You have to try very hard to break it.
 
not so, Slackware is still very active and now the oldest Linux OS, and you're also missing RHEL [red hat], and although not a true Linux but often bundled with it is BSD, Debian is the granddaddy of most distributions, solid and reliable. As is RHEL, slack and arch are equally as good, but need more work to maintain a stable system [IMO].
 
not so, Slackware is still very active and now the oldest Linux OS, and you're also missing RHEL [red hat], and although not a true Linux but often bundled with it is BSD
You're probably right, but I never tried these two, can't say why not for Slackware but RHEL not because it's run by a corporation.

From what I know they have 2 flavors of distro, a paid one and free one? problem with that is paid version makes free version feel like "lack of all features" type distro, it might be good and stable distro but it's not "free" the way I'd prefer.
 
The free version is ... Fedora which has plenty of features, and is as stable as any other distro.

Wiz
 
The free version is ... Fedora which has plenty of features, and is as stable as any other distro.

Wiz
There is a free RHEL available from Red Hat under the title "Red Hat Developer Subscriptions for Individuals". It accesses RHEL and there are limited number of installations that can be made, so it's not so free as many other distros, but it's still free to have and run. Fedora is ahead though in development, and though styled by some as "an independent community distro", is supported and deeply linked to Red Hat in so many ways, but has a level of freedom commensurate with most linux distros rather than RHEL.
 
So I've got a bunch of questions, all in the same realm, related to the How's and Why's of all the different OS's, Distros and DE's of Linux. I'm not a super computer literate person, but know enough to understand when someone explains in an easy to understand manner. I catch on quickly when people use layman's terms instead of inside computer lingo. I've done a LOT of research on Linux over the last few months and have learned a lot! Yet still don't understand quite a few things. But know enough to have a general idea of what it's all about and what I'm looking for.

I've messed around real quick a few times with trying Zorin, Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Mint and PoP OS on my Windows 10 PC using VMWare Virtual Workstation Player 16. But realized if I ever want to do this right, I need to pick an OS and then a DE and install it on my actual hardware, as they don't run all that great on the VM. PoP and Zorin did, but Ubuntu, Kubuntu and Mint Cinnamon did not. I know I want to get another SSD drive and install Linux on it, instead of doing a dual boot mode. Mostly going to migrate entirely over to Linux for everyday computing, only using Windows for a few games here and there.

And just a quick background: I don't do ANY power computing, just regular computer stuff. Checking email, banking, internet, games sometimes, music, photos, etc. No coding, no video editing, no podcasts, no terminal use, no servers, nothing like that. So for me, aesthetics, clean but beautiful desktops, a few useful widgets, how the windows look open and feel, interesting features (ex. such as PoP OS's amazing tiling), yet with the ability to customize is THE most important thing for me. And then of course stability and long term support.


So I'm looking to find a Distro or OS of Linux that is visually amazing, has lots of great modern high end features, is easy to customize either in the OS or with additional apps I can download, all while being stable and relatively or completely bug free or no glitches. As well as being very secure and free of spying corporate interests.

I read about how amazing KDE Plasma is if you want to "customize" literally everything about your DE. And that does appeal to me. But I read just as many people saying it doesn't come without issues. And those issues are that it can be very buggy or glitchy. And I don't want that.

I have read that Gnome is probably the best DE that looks amazing, can be customized to look amazing, but is stable and smooth. So that sounds appealing, but again, I have no idea.

So far, it seems like the following OS's or Distros that might the best for me are: Ubuntu, Pop OS, Zorin, Mint Cinnamon and maybe Debian. With Gnome, Cinnamon and Deepin as the best DE's for my purposes. But still, I don't know and that's why I'm here to ask questions.

One caveat about Deepin, is I know it's from China and a lot of people don't trust that. So I have read that you can just use whatever OS you want and put Deepin DE on top of that, and then you're Ok? Is that correct?



1. Do different Distros or OS’s app stores have exclusive apps? Or can you get most or all apps on any Distro or OS? If they are exclusive, which distro’s or OS’s have the best app stores? And I have no idea how Flatpak differs from a Package Manager? Or really what it does? It "seems" like a Flatpak is really good and you want one? If so, which Distro's or OS's come with Flatpak? And if they don't come with it, can you easily add it to most or any OS/Distro?

2. Is the fantastic tilling feature I’ve seen in PoP OS and Cosmic proprietary to Studio76? Or can you get the same tiling app or something almost identical for almost any distro or DE?

3. I see distros like PoP, Zorin, Mint Cinnamon, Kubunto, Deepin and Munjaro and that have a decent amount of customization features straight out of the box, but nothing too crazy or amazing. But what they do seem to have is a good amount of uniqueness to them compared to the other base distros/os's. So my question is, can you customize the crap out of them (Mint, Zorin, PoP, Deepin, etc) like you can do with Plasma or Gnome to look and feel EXACTLY how you want through downloading extra customization apps through an App Store or GitHub type sites? Or are they limited in what you can customize?

And I guess my main question for all Linux is, can you put ANY DE on top of ANY Distro/OS and customize it as much as you want and it run smoothly with no glitches? Or do some DE's not run all that great on top of certain Distros/OS's? If so, which OS's/Distros work best with certain DE's for doing lots of visual customization while retaining great stability with no glitches?

4a. I usually read that Plasma is THE most customizable DE, but can be or is glitchy. While Gnome isn’t quite as crazy fully customizable, but the tweaks you can and do look more polished, look better, more aesthetically pleasing/clean, run smoother and have way less problems compared to Plasma? Is that about right? Or not really? Is Gnome just as editable/customizable as Plasma? Is Zorin, PoP OS, Deepin or Mint just as customizable/editable as Plasma?

4b. If this is mostly correct, can you still then download any number of apps from the Package Manager/App Stores, DeviantArt, Github or places like that that WILL let you customize the heck out of Gnome, PoP, Zorin, Mint, Deepin? Make it look or perform functions exactly how you’d like? Or is it limited?

5. And finally, my last question deals with which OS's and DE's are the most stable? While also allowing a lot of visual customization?


For someone not super familiar with how Linux, it’s OS’s, it’s DE’s and themes work exactly, it’s very confusing and just trying to get a handle on how it all works so I don’t waste time downloading a version of Linux that doesn’t do what I want and isn’t stable and reliable as well. I haven't read this exactly, but I feel like I have read between the lines that you can basically run any OS or Distro you like and then customize it to look like ANYTHING you want. And if that is correct, then why in the heck are there so many versions of Linux? Shouldn't they just make one base OS, then just have one huge app store that allows everyone to do as much or little customizing, editing, adding of programs as they want? It's all SO confusing to someone looking in from the outside and trying to get into a Linux OS. So just looking for some beginner friendly help and explaining of how this all works. Thanks
I am rather partial to Fedora. Using Gnome and it is great, in fact it comes with gnome-boxes built in which is a VM system. I use Fedora and keep windows as a VM and it is perfect. You will get lots of mint people as there seem to be many here that feel mint is the only way to go. Try Fedora, it is well supported and is a big time distro like ubuntu is. My company installs Fedora for people and never a complaint.
 
I am rather partial to Fedora.
Nothing wrong with that, we all have our own favourites [see my signature for what i currently run], but I do not believe any one of those is. the be all and end all, just my current favourite's,
 

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