16.04 LTS vs 17.10??? I have 16.04 LTS installed. Will switch to 17.10 if recommended.
Hi
@ImNotARobot, and welcome. At this point, I would continue with 16.04 for just a little over 2 more weeks, and then a new Ubuntu LTS 18.04 will be released, and then upgrade to that. There will be some differences, of course, and a major one will be the switch from the Unity desktop to Gnome, but it will still have some familiarity with Unity, I think.
What is a good way to learn how to use the terminal?
The best way to learn anything is simply by doing it. Use the terminal as much as you can. Learn to use the MAN pages to help show you the many options that the commands offer you. Try to Google for "Linux command cheat sheet" and it will provide many short lists of common commands... but you have to use them to learn them. There are full books/ebooks with outrageous numbers of Linux commands, but you won't really have a need for all that. Also Google for "Linux command line training" and see what turns up... there are lots of sites that can help get you started.
Here is one.
Your screen shot does not indicate that you are using the Nvidia GPU. You may need to download and install a Linux driver from Nvidia to make it work.
Cheers