If I have any power failure, disk issue etc... I firstly stop using the system, boot *live* media (once event is over, eg. power is restored & has been good awhile) & then check the health of my drive(s).
SMART (
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) exists for that purpose; it's built into drives by manufacturers so you just need a tool that will read the data from the drive electronics (it doesn't use the drive itself; only electronics; so if it's a dying device you can assess the health before you plan any data recovery & not waste any remaining life doing assessments).
For Ubuntu, the SMART wiki page is found here -
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Smartmontools
You can use GUI tools to view the data too (you don't have to use `smartctl` from command line if you don't want to), but I'd explore the health of the drive; using the drive's own status & diagnostic tools, ie. drive's SMART capacity.
If the drive is dying;
fixing issues will be just a waste of time as it'll be a constant & losing battle.