ANVIL(8) System Manager's Manual ANVIL(8)
NAME
anvil - Postfix session count and request rate control
SYNOPSIS
anvil [generic Postfix daemon options]
DESCRIPTION
The Postfix anvil(8) server maintains statistics about client connection counts or client request rates. This
information can be used to defend against clients that hammer a server with either too many simultaneous ses‐
sions, or with too many successive requests within a configurable time interval. This server is designed to
run under control by the Postfix master(8) server.
In the following text, ident specifies a (service, client) combination. The exact syntax of that information
is application-dependent; the anvil(8) server does not care.
CONNECTION COUNT/RATE CONTROL
To register a new connection send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=connect
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of simultaneous connections and the number of connections per unit
time for the (service, client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
count=number
rate=number
To register a disconnect event send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=disconnect
ident=string
The anvil(8) server replies with:
status=0
MESSAGE RATE CONTROL
To register a message delivery request send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=message
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of message delivery requests per unit time for the (service,
client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
RECIPIENT RATE CONTROL
To register a recipient request send the following request to the anvil(8) server:
request=recipient
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of recipient addresses per unit time for the (service, client)
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of new TLS session requests per unit time for the (service,
client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
To retrieve new TLS session request rate information without updating the counter information, send:
request=newtls_report
ident=string
The anvil(8) server answers with the number of new TLS session requests per unit time for the (service,
client) combination specified with ident:
status=0
rate=number
SECURITY
The anvil(8) server does not talk to the network or to local users, and can run chrooted at fixed low privi‐
lege.
The anvil(8) server maintains an in-memory table with information about recent clients requests. No persis‐
tent state is kept because standard system library routines are not sufficiently robust for update-intensive
applications.
Although the in-memory state is kept only temporarily, this may require a lot of memory on systems that handle
connections from many remote clients. To reduce memory usage, reduce the time unit over which state is kept.
DIAGNOSTICS
Problems and transactions are logged to syslogd(8).
Upon exit, and every anvil_status_update_time seconds, the server logs the maximal count and rate values mea‐
sured, together with (service, client) information and the time of day associated with those events. In order
to avoid unnecessary overhead, no measurements are done for activity that isn't concurrency limited or rate
limited.
BUGS
Systems behind network address translating routers or proxies appear to have the same client address and can
run into connection count and/or rate limits falsely.
In this preliminary implementation, a count (or rate) limited server process can have only one remote client
at a time. If a server process reports multiple simultaneous clients, state is kept only for the last reported
client.
The anvil(8) server automatically discards client request information after it expires. To prevent the
anvil(8) server from discarding client request rate information too early or too late, a rate limited service
should always register connect/disconnect events even when it does not explicitly limit them.
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
On low-traffic mail systems, changes to main.cf are picked up automatically as anvil(8) processes run for only
a limited amount of time. On other mail systems, use the command "postfix reload" to speed up a change.
How much time a Postfix daemon process may take to handle a request before it is terminated by a built-
in watchdog timer.
ipc_timeout (3600s)
The time limit for sending or receiving information over an internal communication channel.
max_idle (100s)
The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process waits for an incoming connection before
terminating voluntarily.
max_use (100)
The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon process will service before terminat‐
ing voluntarily.
process_id (read-only)
The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.
process_name (read-only)
The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.
syslog_facility (mail)
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes,
for example, "postfix/smtpd".
SEE ALSO
smtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server
postconf(5), configuration parameters
master(5), generic daemon options
README FILES
Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
TUNING_README, performance tuning
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
HISTORY
The anvil service is available in Postfix 2.2 and later.
AUTHOR(S)
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
ANVIL(8)
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