SYSTEMD-ANALYZE(1) systemd-analyze SYSTEMD-ANALYZE(1)
NAME
systemd-analyze - Analyze system boot-up performance
SYNOPSIS
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] [time]
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] blame
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] critical-chain [UNIT...]
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] plot [> file.svg]
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] dot [PATTERN...] [> file.dot]
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] dump
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] set-log-level LEVEL
systemd-analyze [OPTIONS...] verify [FILES...]
DESCRIPTION
systemd-analyze may be used to determine system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and
tracing information from the system and service manager, and to verify the correctness of unit files.
systemd-analyze time prints the time spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time spent in
the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system userspace has been reached, and the time normal system
userspace took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure the time passed up to the point
where all system services have been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished initialization or
the disk is idle.
systemd-analyze blame prints a list of all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize. This
information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be misleading as the
initialization of one service might be slow simply because it waits for the initialization of another service
to complete.
systemd-analyze critical-chain [UNIT...] prints a tree of the time-critical chain of units (for each of the
specified UNITs or for the default target otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is printed
after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character. Note that the
output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on socket activation and because
of the parallel execution of units.
systemd-analyze plot prints an SVG graphic detailing which system services have been started at what time,
highlighting the time they spent on initialization.
systemd-analyze dot generates textual dependency graph description in dot format for further processing with
the GraphViz dot(1) tool. Use a command line like systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg to generate a
graphical dependency tree. Unless --order or --require is passed, the generated graph will show both ordering
and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern globbing style specifications (e.g. *.target) may be given at
the end. A unit dependency is included in the graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or
destination node.
systemd-analyze dump outputs a (usually very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server state.
Its format is subject to change without notice and should not be parsed by applications.
systemd-analyze set-log-level LEVEL changes the current log level of the systemd daemon to LEVEL (accepts the
same values as --log-level= described in systemd(1)).
--system
Operates on the system systemd instance. This is the implied default.
--order, --require
When used in conjunction with the dot command (see above), selects which dependencies are shown in the
dependency graph. If --order is passed, only dependencies of type After= or Before= are shown. If
--require is passed, only dependencies of type Requires=, RequiresOverridable=, Requisite=,
RequisiteOverridable=, Wants= and Conflicts= are shown. If neither is passed, this shows dependencies of
all these types.
--from-pattern=, --to-pattern=
When used in conjunction with the dot command (see above), this selects which relationships are shown in
the dependency graph. Both options require a glob(7) pattern as an argument, which will be matched against
the left-hand and the right-hand, respectively, nodes of a relationship.
Each of these can be used more than once, in which case the unit name must match one of the values. When
tests for both sides of the relation are present, a relation must pass both tests to be shown. When
patterns are also specified as positional arguments, they must match at least one side of the relation. In
other words, patterns specified with those two options will trim the list of edges matched by the
positional arguments, if any are given, and fully determine the list of edges shown otherwise.
--fuzz=timespan
When used in conjunction with the critical-chain command (see above), also show units, which finished
timespan earlier, than the latest unit in the same level. The unit of timespan is seconds unless specified
with a different unit, e.g. "50ms".
--no-man
Do not invoke man to verify the existence of man pages listed in Documentation=.
-H, --host=
Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a username and hostname separated by "@", to
connect to. The hostname may optionally be suffixed by a container name, separated by ":", which connects
directly to a specific container on the specified host. This will use SSH to talk to the remote machine
manager instance. Container names may be enumerated with machinectl -H HOST.
-M, --machine=
Execute operation on a local container. Specify a container name to connect to.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
--no-pager
Do not pipe output into a pager.
EXIT STATUS
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
EXAMPLES FOR DOT
Example 1. Plots all dependencies of any unit whose name starts with "avahi-daemon"
$ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg
· missing dependencies which are required to start the given unit,
· man pages listed in Documentation= which are not found in the system,
· commands listed in ExecStart= and similar which are not found in the system or not executable.
Example 3. Misspelt directives
$ cat ./user.slice
[Unit]
WhatIsThis=11
Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1)
Requires=different.service
[Service]
Desription=x
$ systemd-analyze verify ./user.slice
[./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit'
[./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring.
Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed:
Unit different.service failed to load:
No such file or directory.
Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument
user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16
Example 4. Missing service units
$ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket
==> ./a.socket <==
[Socket]
ListenStream=100
==> ./b.socket <==
[Socket]
ListenStream=100
Accept=yes
$ systemd-analyze verify ./a.socket ./b.socket
Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started.
Service [email protected] not loaded, b.socket cannot be started.
ENVIRONMENT
$SYSTEMD_PAGER
Pager to use when --no-pager is not given; overrides $PAGER. Setting this to an empty string or the value
"cat" is equivalent to passing --no-pager.
$SYSTEMD_LESS
Override the default options passed to less ("FRSXMK").
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemctl(1)
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