POSTSUPER(1) General Commands Manual POSTSUPER(1)
NAME
postsuper - Postfix superintendent
SYNOPSIS
postsuper [-psSv] [-c config_dir] [-d queue_id]
[-h queue_id] [-H queue_id]
[-r queue_id] [directory ...]
DESCRIPTION
The postsuper(1) command does maintenance jobs on the Postfix queue. Use of the command is restricted to the
superuser. See the postqueue(1) command for unprivileged queue operations such as listing or flushing the
mail queue.
By default, postsuper(1) performs the operations requested with the -s and -p command-line options on all
Postfix queue directories - this includes the incoming, active and deferred directories with mail files and
the bounce, defer, trace and flush directories with log files.
Options:
-c config_dir
The main.cf configuration file is in the named directory instead of the default configuration direc‐
tory. See also the MAIL_CONFIG environment setting below.
-d queue_id
Delete one message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default: hold, incoming,
active and deferred).
If a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from standard input. For example, to
delete all mail with exactly one recipient [email protected]:
mailq | tail +2 | grep -v '^ *(' | awk ´BEGIN { RS = "" }
# $7=sender, $8=recipient1, $9=recipient2
{ if ($8 == "[email protected]" && $9 == "")
print $1 }
´ | tr -d '*!' | postsuper -d -
Specify "-d ALL" to remove all messages; for example, specify "-d ALL deferred" to delete all mail in
the deferred queue. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be specified in upper case.
Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix >= 2.9 when
enable_long_queue_ids=no). There is a very small possibility that postsuper deletes the wrong message
file when it is executed while the Postfix mail system is delivering mail.
The scenario is as follows:
1) The Postfix queue manager deletes the message that postsuper(1) is asked to delete, because
Postfix is finished with the message (it is delivered, or it is returned to the sender).
2) New mail arrives, and the new message is given the same queue ID as the message that postsu‐
per(1) is supposed to delete. The probability for reusing a deleted queue ID is about 1 in
2**15 (the number of different microsecond values that the system clock can distinguish within a
second).
3) postsuper(1) deletes the new message, instead of the old message that it should have deleted.
-h queue_id
This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
-H queue_id
Release mail that was put "on hold". Move one message with the named queue ID from the named mail
queue(s) (default: hold) to the deferred queue.
If a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from standard input.
Note: specify "postsuper -r" to release mail that was kept on hold for a significant fraction of $maxi‐
mal_queue_lifetime or $bounce_queue_lifetime, or longer.
Specify "-H ALL" to release all mail that is "on hold". As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
specified in upper case.
This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
-p Purge old temporary files that are left over after system or software crashes.
-r queue_id
Requeue the message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default: hold, incoming,
active and deferred). To requeue multiple messages, specify multiple -r command-line options.
Alternatively, if a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from standard input.
Specify "-r ALL" to requeue all messages. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be specified in upper
case.
A requeued message is moved to the maildrop queue, from where it is copied by the pickup(8) and
cleanup(8) daemons to a new queue file. In many respects its handling differs from that of a new local
submission.
· The message is not subjected to the smtpd_milters or non_smtpd_milters settings. When mail has
passed through an external content filter, this would produce incorrect results with Milter
applications that depend on original SMTP connection state information.
· The message is subjected again to mail address rewriting and substitution. This is useful when
rewriting rules or virtual mappings have changed.
The address rewriting context (local or remote) is the same as when the message was received.
· The message is subjected to the same content_filter settings (if any) as used for new local mail
submissions. This is useful when content_filter settings have changed.
Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix >= 2.9 when
enable_long_queue_ids=no). There is a very small possibility that postsuper(1) requeues the wrong mes‐
sage file when it is executed while the Postfix mail system is running, but no harm should be done.
This feature is available in Postfix 1.1 and later.
-s Structure check and structure repair. This should be done once before Postfix startup.
· Rename files whose name does not match the message file inode number. This operation is neces‐
sary after restoring a mail queue from a different machine or from backup, when queue files were
created with Postfix <= 2.8 or with "enable_long_queue_ids = no".
Run postsuper(1) repeatedly until it stops reporting file name changes.
-S A redundant version of -s that requires that long file names also match the message file inode number.
This option exists for testing purposes, and is available with Postfix 2.9 and later.
-v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software increasingly ver‐
bose.
DIAGNOSTICS
Problems are reported to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8).
postsuper(1) reports the number of messages deleted with -d, the number of messages requeued with -r, and the
number of messages whose queue file name was fixed with -s. The report is written to the standard error stream
and to syslogd(8).
ENVIRONMENT
MAIL_CONFIG
Directory with the main.cf file.
BUGS
Mail that is not sanitized by Postfix (i.e. mail in the maildrop queue) cannot be placed "on hold".
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program. The text below provides only a
parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.
config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.
hash_queue_depth (1)
The number of subdirectory levels for queue directories listed with the hash_queue_names parameter.
hash_queue_names (deferred, defer)
The names of queue directories that are split across multiple subdirectory levels.
queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
syslog_facility (mail)
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes,
for example, "postfix/smtpd".
Available in Postfix version 2.9 and later:
enable_long_queue_ids (no)
Enable long, non-repeating, queue IDs (queue file names).
SEE ALSO
sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
postqueue(1), unprivileged queue operations
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